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Friday, September 11, 2009

I had to put this together for my English, so I thought I would post it here.
The Adder
Vipera berus
Vipera berus is a venomous viper species that is extremely widespread and can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to Asia. They are not regarded as highly dangerous; bites can be very painful, but are seldom fatal. The specific name, berus, is New Latin and was at one time used to refer to a snake, possibly the grass snake, Natrix natrix.
It is well known for being the only poisonous snake in the UK.
Description
Relatively thick-bodied, adults grow to 60 cm (2 ft) in length with an average of 55 cm (22 in). Maximum size varies per region. The largest—over 90 cm—are found in Sweden; specimens of 104 cm (41 in) have been observed there on two occasions. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80-87 cm (32 to 34.45 in).


V. berus: normal and melanistic color patterns.
The head is fairly large and distinct, the sides of which are almost flat and vertical. The edge of the snout is usually raised into a low ridge. Seen from above, the rostral scale is not visible, or only just. Immediately behind the rostral, there are 2 (rarely 1) small scales. Dorsally, there are usually 5 large plates: a squarish frontal (longer than wide, sometimes rectangular), 2 parietals (sometimes with a tiny scale between the frontal and the parietals), and 2 long and narrow supraoculars. The latter are large and distinct, each separated from the frontal by 1-4 small scales. The nostril is situated in a shallow depression within a large nasal scale. The eye is relatively large—equal in size or slightly larger than the nasal scale—but often smaller in females. Below the supraoculars there are 6-13 (usually 8-10) small circumorbital scales. The temporal scales are smooth (rarely weakly keeled). There are 10-12 sublabials and 6-10 (usually 8-9) supralabials. Of the latter, the numbers 3 and 4 are the largest, while 4 and 5 (rarely 3 and 4) are separated from the eye by a single row of small scales (sometimes 2 rows in alpine specimens).
Midbody there are 21 dorsal scales rows (rarely 19, 20, 22 or 23). These are strongly keeled scales, except for those bordering the ventral scales. These scales seem loosely attached to the skin and lower rows become increasingly wide; those closest to the ventral scales are twice as wide as the ones along the midline. The ventral scales number 132-150 in males and 132-158 in females. The anal plate is single. The subcaudals are paired, numbering 32-46 in males and 23-38 in females.
The color pattern varies, ranging from very light-colored specimens with small incomplete dark dorsal crossbars to melanistic individuals that are entirely dark and lack any apparent dorsal pattern. However, most have some kind of zigzag dorsal pattern down the entire length of the body and tail. The head usually has a distinctive dark V or X on the back. A dark streak runs from the eye to the neck and continues as a longitudinal series of spots along the flanks.[2] Unusual for snakes, the sexes are possible to tell apart by the colour. Females are usually brownish in hue with dark-brown markings, the males are pure grey with black markings. The basal colour of males will often be a tad lighter than that of the females, making the black zigzag pattern stand out. The melanistic individuals are often females.
Habitat


V. berus
Sufficient habitat complexity is a crucial requirement for the presence of this species, in order to support their various behaviors—basking, foraging and hibernation—as well as to offer some protection from predators and human harassment.[2] It is found in variety of habitats, including: chalky downs, rocky hillsides, moors, sandy heaths, meadows, rough commons, edges of woods, sunny glades and clearings, bushy slopes and hedgerows, dumps, coastal dunes and stone quarries. They will venture into wetlands if dry ground is available nearby. Therefore, they may be found on the banks of streams, lakes and ponds.
In much of southern Europe, such as southern France and northern Italy, it is found in either low lying wetlands or at high altitudes. In the Swiss Alps, it may ascend to about 3000 m. In Hungary and Russia, it avoids open steppeland; a habitat in which V. ursinii is more likely to occur. In Russia, however, it does occur in the forest steppe zone.
Behavior
This is mainlya diurnal species, especially in the north of its range. Further south it is said to be active in the evening, and it may even be active at night during the summer months. It is predominantly a terrestrial species, although it has been known to climb up banks and into low bushes in order to bask or search for prey.


V. berus
Generally speaking, this is not an aggressive species, tending to be rather timid and biting only when cornered or alarmed. Many people are only bitten after stepping on them. They will usually disappear into the undergrowth at a hint of any danger, but will return once all is quiet, often to the same spot. Occasionally, individuals will reveal their presence with a loud and sustained hissing, hoping to warn off potential aggressors. Often, these turn out to be pregnant females. When threatened, the front part of the body is drawn into a S-shape to prepare for a strike.
This is a cold-adapted species that hibernates in the winter. In Great Britain, males and females hibernate for about 150 and 180 days respectively. However, in northern Sweden hibernation lasts 8–9 months. On mild winter days, they may emerge to bask where the snow has melted and will often travel across snow. Nevertheless, about 15% of adults and 30-40% of juveniles die during hibernation.
Feeding
Diet consists mainly of small mammals, such as mice, voles and shrews, as well as lizards. Sometimes, slow worms are taken, and even weasels and moles. They feed on amphibians, such as frogs, newts and salamanders. Birds are also reported[by whom?] to be on the menu, especially nestlings and even eggs, for which they will climb into shrubbery and bushes. Generally, diet varies depending on locality.
Juveniles will eat nestling mammals, small lizards and frogs, as well as insects, worms and spiders. Once they reach about 30 cm in length, their diet begins to resemble that of the adults.
Reproduction
In Hungary, mating takes place in the last week of April, while in the north it happens later in the second week of May. Matings have also been observed in June and even early October, but it is not known if the autumn matings result in any young. Females often breed once every two years, or even once every three years if the seasons are short and the climate is severe.


V. berus - showing strongly keeled scales on dorsal area
Males find females by following their scent trails, sometimes tracking them for hundreds of meters a day. If a female is found and flees, the male follows. Courtship involves side-by-side parallel "flowing" behavior, tongue flicking along the back and excited lashing of the tail. Pairs stay together for one or two days after mating. Males chase away their rivals and engage in combat. Often, this also starts with the aforementioned flowing behavior before culminating in the dramatic "adder dance." In this act, the males confront each other, raise up the front part of the body vertically, make swaying movements and attempt to push each other to the ground. This is repeated until one of the two becomes exhausted and crawls off to find another mate. Interestingly, Appleby (1971) notes that he has never seen an intruder win one of these contests, as if the frustrated defender is so aroused by courtship that he refuses to lose his chance to mate. There are no records of any biting taking place during these bouts.
Females usually give birth in August-September, but sometimes as early as July, or as late as early October. Litters range in size from 3 to 20. The young are usually born encased in a transparent sac from which they must free themselves. Sometimes, they succeed in freeing themselves from this membrane while still inside the female. The neonates, measuring 14 to 23 cm (average of 17 cm), are born with a fully functional venom apparatus and a reserve supply of yolk within their bodies. They shed their skins for the first time within a day or two. Females do not appear to take much interest in their offspring, but the young have been observed to remain near their mothers for several days after birth.
Venom
Because of the rapid rate of human expansion throughout the range of this species, bites are relatively common. Domestic animals and livestock are frequent victims. In Great Britain, most instances occur in March-October. In Sweden, there are about 1300 bites a year, with an estimated 12% that require hospitalisation.
Mallow et al. (2003) describe the venom toxicity as being relatively low compared to other viper species. They cite Minton (1974) who reported the LD50 values for mice to be 0.55 mg/kg IV, 0.80 mg/kg IP and 6.45 mg/kg SC. As a comparison, in one test the minimum lethal dose of for a guinea pig was 40–67 mg, but only 1.7 mg was necessary when Daboia russelii venom was used.[2] Brown (1973) gives a higher subcutaneous LD range of 1.0-4.0 mg/kg. All agree that the venom yield is low: Minton (1974) mentions 10–18 mg for specimens 48-62 cm in length, while Brown (1973) lists only 6 mg.
Relatively speaking, bites from this species are not highly dangerous.In Britain there have been only 14 known fatalities since 1876; the last a 5-year-old child in 1975 An 82-year-old woman died following a bite in Germany in 2004, although it is not clear whether her death was due to the effect of the venom. Even so, professional medical help should always be sought as soon as possible after any bite. Very occasionally bites can be life threatening, particularly in small children, while adults may experience discomfort and disability long after the bite. The length of recovery varies, but may take up to a year.
Local symptoms include immediate and intense pain, followed after a few minutes (but perhaps by as much as 30 minutes) by swelling and a tingling sensation. Blisters containing blood are not common. The pain may spread within a few hours, along with tenderness and inflammation. Reddish lymphangitic lines and bruising may appear, and the whole limb can become swollen and bruised within 24 hours. Swelling may also spread to the trunk, and with children, throughout the entire body. Necrosis and intracompartmental syndromes are very rare.
Systemic symptoms resulting from anaphylaxis can be dramatic. These may appear within 5 minutes post bite, or can be delayed for many hours. Such symptoms include nausea, retching and vomiting, abdominal colic and diarrhoea, incontinence of urine and faeces, sweating, fever, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, shock, angioedema of the face, lips, gums, tongue, throat and epiglotis, urticaria and bronchospam. If left untreated, these symptoms may persist or fluctuate for up to 48 hours. In severe cases, cardiovascular failure may occur.
At least eight different antivenoms are available against bites from this species.

Wednesday, September 02, 2009

http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/sja/funandgames/trailermaker/edit/7fm4yb
Do you like this trailer that I made click on the link above to view it.

Saturday, August 29, 2009

We've been on holiday in Cardigan.
We went to lots of places including Pembroke Castle, Beach Mission in New Quay,the Rain forest centre, the cheese farm, and Pembertons the chocolate factory,and others.
Links
http://www.welshchocolatefarm.com
http://www.pembroke-castle.co.uk/
Above are a few links.

Tuesday, July 07, 2009


We are going to Rora House on Saturday.
This is a picture of the house.
We are staying in two caravans. The people who are going from our family are:
Daddy,
Mummy,
Alex,
Me, and Alice.
We go from Saturday to Friday the next week.
We were supposed to go from Friday, but Daddy couldn't get a day off from his work.

Friday, July 03, 2009

Here is a update on the story I am writing.


Forgotten



Chapter One
The war

A girl was coming down the street in her ordinary slow fashion, when all of a sudden her sister came running along. “Helena, come along at once, Mother sent me to look for you, it is dinner time!” she said.
“Okay Elzbieta,” said Helena “I am coming!”
As they came into the house Mother said ,“I thought you were going to post my letter for me, not play in the park.”
“Yes Mother,” Helena said meekly as she helped her sister Juliana set the table. Suddenly her brothers Jan and Maksymilian ( Although I will call him Maxie in this book as that is what his sisters called him) came in and they were very dirty.
“Boys!” said Mother. “Go and get washed at once, you are not suitable to be at the table;” the boys laughed and went upstairs.
Just at that moment their father came in. He hugged his children Juliana and Helena and said, “Children I have something to say, I will say at dinner.” He said cheerfully “Well, your mother Romualda has cooked something lovely for dinner, let us go in to the dining room.” When he got into the dining room he suddenly frowned ,“where are my sons, Maksymilian and Jan?” Just then his sons came down from getting ready and sat at the table; their father gave them a stern look and they stood up hurriedly. Father said, “Good let us give thanks to God for this wonderful food,” he launched into a prayer. After they gave thanks they ate their food and Father said “ I am being sent to France because Hitler has said that all Jews are to be rounded up and killed or sent to concentration camps, a cart is to pick you up tomorrow to take you to England.”
Helena said “But Father why can’t we come with you, to France” “Well” said her father “ It is very dangerous here so we must go but as I am an Imperial officer in the army I cannot come with you, the war is raging in France so I will be working but I will be safe.” So after dinner, they had their family worship, the children went to bed.
The next day they saw their father off.
As they went back into the house Mother called, “Helena, go and do the washing like I told you to, NOW!” she added with tears in her eyes.
“Yes mother,” replied Helena meekly and she made her way to the washing cellar.
As she walked down the stairs to the washing cellar her sister Elzbieta came after her and said “Helena come with me.” Helena said “Would Mother approve? You know Mother told me to do the washing, she hates us to be disobedient”.
“Yes I know” said Elzbieta “Mother sent me to tell you that there are men outside; they have a cart they say that they are come to take us to England,”
Without another word she raced upstairs. Helena raced after her hoping the army would be able to keep Hitler away. As they climbed on to the cart and they hid themselves and looked around frightened at other families hiding under the blankets. But they heard that to get to England they would have to pass through Hitler’s country GERMANY


They had been on the road for a long time and were whispering among themselves. Suddenly they were silent; the driver said “Get down we are now approaching German Poznan”. Afraid, they lay under the blankets barely daring to breath. Suddenly they heard strange accents, “Stop! Get out, we want to search your cart for missing Jews,” barked the voice. The cart lurched as the man got out, Helena fell onto the ground, knocking her head in the process. The German solder laughed and said, “Well we do not have to look in there now, we know that you are smuggling Jews.” He grabbed Helena by the neck and he barked at them “OUT ALL OF YOU.” As he said this he gave the driver a push and the driver fell onto the muddy ground. The soldier said “That will teach you to help Jews.” Juliana screamed as the soldier grabbed her from the cart. He threw Juliana and Helena onto the ground. Mother got out of the cart as her daughters were grabbed by the soldiers and forced into line. The soldiers grabbed Mother and forced her into line too. The other Jews were also forced into line; the only sound except the soldiers yelling was a baby crying. As the soldier (whom Helena thought to be the Chief Captain) yelled and yelled at the driver, (the poor man was cowering under his scolding ) something happened to stop them and Ratty (as Helena had decided to call him) stopped yelling and a huge shadow fell on to the ground. He was huge and tall he was indeed the Commander. He yelled and yelled at his men, “These Jews must have people with them, they will be rescued if we do not hurry!” “Anyway” he said cruelly “take them to the town hall we will deal with them there,” and with that he galloped away. The men looked at each other, shrugged and walked away pulling the Jews with them.


Not long after this happened, they were standing in the town hall with their hands behind their backs. The men were laughing at them, Helena felt like crying but she did not cry, she knew that the Lord was with her, to protect her from evil, no matter what happened , she knew that the Lord God would be with her. She prayed fiercely to Jesus to help her, and protect her from harm. She had felt afraid but now the spirit of the Lord was with her, to help her, and strengthen her, and she was no longer afraid, she looked around her, and listened to what would be their fate. She nearly fainted when she heard she would be separated from her family, and thrown into a cruel concentration camp, with the other girls her age! Her brothers were to be taken to a slave camp, her mother to Ravensbruch concentration camp. She would be with her sisters, she knew, but she could not read the Bible, none of them could. Only Mother and Father knew how, and they were not here, so they would have a pretty unbiblical life. Although they did not like the thought of it, they knew that the Lord would be with them.

Chapter two
The concentration camp

At first glance the area around the concentration camp looked pretty, from where the children were but they knew that it was a cruel place and as they walked into it they knew that it was so; children were working, little girls like themselves were being whipped because they were too slow. As they walked in they were met by a German woman who grabbed them and turned them around and around.
She said, “Too weak, but we will soon strengthen them up, I do not want them strong, I want them slightly stronger than they are, but thinner than they are, they are skinny! But they will not do enough work if they are as they are now.”
The men said “They are to be put in the torture house because they tried to run away
from us, and also they are Jews. Now we must go and take the other Jews to the other camps.”
“As you wish, sirs. JACK! ELLEN! Come here slaves,” said the woman. Two children ran up and said in unison “Yes miss?”
“Take these children and put them in the torture house.
“Yes miss,” they said and walked off taking Helena and her sisters with them.

Meanwhile Romualda their mother had been thrown in the torture house. When she had got out, she had been paraded in front of all the woman, and whipped, and humiliated, and then thrown into the sleep house where all the women slept. She slept for a while, and then woke up. While she was alone she took out her miniature of her family and wept. She did not notice a woman sneak up until the woman said “What is the matter?” Startled Romualda turned around. Seeing the woman had a kindly expression she said “I miss my husband and children.”
“Excuse me but what is your name” she added
“My name is Corrie ten Boom” she said and the sound of that cheerful voice cheered her a little. She said to Romualda “The Germans do not like Jews they said that they would kill them soon.”


Meanwhile her brothers were suffering more, they were not only put in the torture house, but they were not sent to the sleep house, they were sent to work. Because they were tired from the torture house they did not do their work properly so they had to be whipped.

Meanwhile the children were told to put together all the clothes of other prisoners.
this went on for a few months. On and on and on they worked, getting very, very,
tired. They were getting very bored of this when Elzbieta the eldest had an idea. She said to her sisters “Let’s get into the bags and when they come and take the bags away they will take us away with them.” The other girls were excited at the thought of escaping and they at once gathered together all their few possessions and climbed into the bags. They waited and waited and waited when suddenly they heard German voices. They recognised the German woman’s voice saying “lift up that bag up there, girl!” She sighed “Where are those girls when you need them.” “Mind!” she cried and she softened “Ah, that’s right.” Helena felt a lurch as the man lifted the bag she was in and felt terrified when she heard him say “This bag is pretty heavy”
The woman said “ O stop groaning and lift these bags onto the cart.”
Soon all the girls were safely on the cart, and as they rumbled along, Elzbieta made a hole in the bag, and tore it open. She climbed quickly out of the bag and helped her sisters out of their bags and they all jumped out of the back of the cart and ran towards the woods and freedom.

Juliana was running as fast as she could but she was slowing down. The man had seen them and was running after them as fast as he could. She could see Helena behind her. Meanwhile Elzbieta had reached the woods and was calling Juliana. Juliana had reached the woods but the man had caught up with Helena. Helena was screaming as the man said “You little vermin I will report you” and he dragged her back to the car. Elzbieta having watched this could hide no longer she ran at the man Helena saw her coming and hoping kicked the man in the stomach and the man cursed and let her go. She ran to Elzbieta and Elzbieta picked her sister up and got her into the woods.




Chapter Three
The Friendly Town
They had built a fire in the shelter of a tree, Elzbieta said that it was best to light it under that particular tree because the tree shielded them from the German towns that were dotted all across the landscape and the smoke from their fire was shielded from the towns.
The next morning they awoke early and after breakfast (which was fish) debated about what to do. Unable to agree they decided to look at their map “I think we should cross Germany and go to England” said Elzbieta.
“No No!” said Juliana at once “ that would be cowardly. I think we should go to Kdo Neuengamme where the boys are and then go to England as their camp is nearer because if we move from this spot we will not be able to fish for food. Remember we escaped very quickly and had no time to fetch food to take with us”(for Juliana was a wise, just and kind child ) .
Helena (who had been sitting by the tree) suddenly spoke up “I think we should go toward a town and ask for help, then go to the boys’ camp and save them, then go and save Mother, then go to England”.
“Don’t be silly Helena,” said Elzbieta “Of course we cannot ask for help at a village and of course we cannot rescue Mother I do not disagree about trying to rescue the boys but no definitely none of the others.”
Helena said “I am going to do what I said even if you do not help me.”
“Don’t be silly Helena if you are going to be like that of course we will come with you but I still think it is a bad idea.”

13 hours later they were still no nearer to one of the villages. As Juliana was a sickly child and could not walk very far they stopped along the way to give her some rest. At six o’clock, they decided to stop for the night.


The next morning it rained all day and Elzbieta was sick with worry as they were out in the open now and the next town was an hour and a half away. They could not carry on walking for if they did Juliana would catch a cold and maybe die (as she was a very fragile child) so imagine the joy that they felt when the sun came out. Juliana was now soaked to the skin. As she was the smallest (although Helena was the youngest) the clothes they had got from the wagon were much to big for her. So she of course caught a cold and was very sick .
Elzbieta was in despair but finally she agreed that the best plan was sending athletic young Helena to the town for help. So the next day Helena set out and she started to run. O! how she ran! as fast as she possibly could which was about 10 miles per hour. It took two hours to get there because the town was 20 miles away.

Romualda meanwhile was suffering terribly as she was afraid for her children. Her new friend Corrie tried to cheer her up but it did not work “You said that Germans hate Jews I have heard from my sons but not my daughters they must have been killed by the Germans,” said Romualda to Corrie

The two girls however had found out something. All the families were going to be put together. So they walked for bit and stopped again and stayed there for Juliana was having trouble with her breathing.


Helena meanwhile had reached the town of Nichors and sneaked in, she slipped onto a doorstep and hid there when a cart came by. When suddenly she heard a movement behind her she tried to slip off the doorstep but she wasn’t fast enough.

















Chapter Four
The Friendly Jew
“Who are you?” said the girl who was called Alexandria,
“I-I-I am H-H-Helena” stammered Helena in a fright.
“Are you Polish?” said Alexandria. Suddenly Helena became alert
“Why should I tell you where I am from “said Helena
“I am a German Jew” said Alexandria
“Yes I am a Polish Jew” said Helena “ My sisters and I have escaped from the German concentration camp in Poznan and my sister Juliana has caught a cold and she is very sick and-and-and……..” Helena’s eyes filled up with tears and she could not say any more. “Come in!” Alexandria hissed and looking quickly around she went back into the house.
Helena followed her quickly, Alexandria set the kettle boiling and made some tea and sliced some bread and set it out and said prayers and began to eat. She said
“ Look I need to know everything about you. Why are you here? Where are your family?”
“Before I answer I must ask. Are you a Messianic Jew?” said Helena.
“My family are, but I am not. I was kidnapped by the Nazis along with my brother Alexander and my sister Anna. I was a Christian until that happened then I lost my faith, I was too afraid of the Nazis.” said Alexandria
“Where are your brother and sister now?” said Helena
“I do not know” said Alexandria with tears in her eyes.

Juliana was not any better in fact she was worse; Elzbieta kept pacing back and forth in despair saying “Where is Helena?”
Juliana looked at her and reached feebly for her hand “Sister please don’t blame Helena, if I do die I will go to be with Our Father in heaven. I am quite content with going there, in fact, I am longing to go there.” Elzbieta sat down beside her sister and wept for her sister crying and crying.
The next day seven year old Juliana died, Elzbieta mad with grief buried her and the last thing she saw on her sister’s sweet face was a smile.

Helena when she got to the wood could not find Juliana, instead she saw Elzbieta, who instead of rising to meet her looked at her coldly “What happened? Where is Juliana?” said Helena to Elzbieta
“Guess” said Elzbieta coldly.
Elzbieta stood up and just before she walked off into the forest she said “ She is dead and it is all your fault, Helena” and she walked off. Helena sighed and said to herself “Now I am all alone,” then she corrected herself “ I suppose I am not alone God is with me” she said and suddenly she sat down and cried “ But it is so hard, I have nothing anymore not even my sisters,” and she prayed to God “Please O my Lord help me to be strong even in my trials and help Elzbieta to get to England safely, Amen” And then she said to herself and said to herself “I don’t deserve to get to England. It was all my fault that my sister died if I had brought help sooner my sister might have been saved.”
She started to cry and she cried and she cried.

The next day Helena walked off into the forest her face was firm and serious
I am sure it will not spoil the story if I tell you that after this incident, poor Helena was never happy again.
Their mother and brothers meanwhile were half lying and half sitting on their cold, hard and bare beds when they heard a whisper coming from the walls “ Hey! over here, quickly.”
They rushed over to the walls. “Who is there?” cried Jan “It is me Elzbieta” the whisper said “ Come with me, hurry” she added as she started to wriggle through a small hole in the wall. Luckily Romualda and the boys Maxie and Jan had got very, very skinny through these months and could fit through this hole. They then crawled down a long, windy tunnel and I must tell you it took about three hours till the end of the tunnel and there were a lot of guards in the way so all together it took about seven hours and then they had to get out of the camp. So back to Helena.



Poor Helena felt miserable, scared and sad, her misery was only increased by loneliness and guilt. She knew that if Elzbieta rescued them first, they would meet her coldly and with the same ill grace as Elzbieta.
So she decided to go to England the long way down into Austria, through Switzerland, through Slovenia, over the Alps, then take a boat from Italy through the Mediterranean sea onto Spain, take a boat to Ireland then take another boat to Plymouth in England.
So she started off determined to get there, but just then she remembered that she had no food to take with her. So she went back to Nichors to ask her friend Alexandria for help. When Alexandria heard her story, she was horrified“ Helena, I thought you would go with your sister but now you tell me that she abandoned you, but you know that the journey that you wish to take is nearly impossible for a person who is alone.” Here Alexandria stopped, took a deep breath, and said “ I shall come with you.” “No, you can’t, if it is too dangerous for me it will be too dangerous for you, anyway I will not be alone. God will be with me.” said Helena. “Helena you are but seven years old, no one of your age could possibly venture over the Alps alone, you might fall into a ice hole or anything. I am coming with you if you like it or not. Now we better write a list of supplies,” said Alexandria. They did and here it is
“ 2 warm coats of sheepskin.
Money
1 stove for cooking things on.
3 tins of cocoa.
7 loafs of bread.
9 packets of butter.
2 solid pairs of boots.
2 pairs of warm gloves.
2 warm hats.
2 scarves
4 warm pairs of socks.
2 Bibles.”
When they got all of these they started. They walked out of Germany easily as the town was right on the border of Germany. What was very funny was that when they had been in the wood, they had actually been in Austria. So as soon as they got out of Germany, they caught a ride on a mule cart that was delivering food to a small village at the foot of the Alps.
When they got out of the cart they paid the driver and started walking toward the foot of the Alps. They pulled on their coats, took of their normal shoes and put one pair of the warm socks on. Then they pulled on their sturdy shoes, then their gloves and scarves and hats. Then heaving the loads onto their backs, they set off.












































Chapter Five
The Mountain Lion


Part of the time they enjoyed it and day after day they crossed the peaks and climbed up onto another one. Helena was bored and she carried on being bored until the day they met the mountain lion. They were setting up camp in a cave when they looked around there were bodies of people who had been carried off by the mountain lion, but the most horrible thing was yet to come, one day they came upon a corpse Helena looked at it and then the most horrible thing happened. The corpse moved. It spoke, it was still alive. It was a German soldier. His arms and legs were in shreds and one of his eyes had been gouged out. Helena leaned closer, then she gave a gasp as she recognised him. It was the Commander who had put them into the concentration camp. But there was something else lying on the ground next to him. As Helena looked closer she saw it was a young mountain lion which was asleep. Alexandria worked this out she whispered “Helena, I think that man is that mountain lions first kill, probably it had only just grown old enough to leave its families nest. It did not kill the others. They were killed with the first blow that man was not, he was attacked many times and he is not dead yet. When a mountain lions attack is its first kill it will never kill another until maybe five or six hours because it is full, that man would be dead by then but it will attack if it feels threatened so we had better slip away” “Okay” said Helena quietly edging away from the mountain lion. “OW” she cried as she fell to the ground. She had tripped over a bone. The mountain lion woke up. It growled at Helena. It crouched then launched itself at her. Helena leaped out the way with a scream “ALEXANDRIA” “HELENA” cried Alexandria running toward her. But the lion was on Helena now tearing at her arm. Helena was screaming with pain. Alexandria looked around her in despair. She saw a large bone about 10 inches long. She grabbed it and threw it at the lion, then she turned and ran toward the mouth of the cave, the lion raced after her, roaring in rage. Helena picked herself up and hid near the mouth of the cave. Alexandria had managed to hide and the mountain lion had come back to its cave it lay down and went to sleep. Helena faint with pain crawled out of the cave as soon as she was a safe distance away from the cave she complassed . Alexandria who was quite near jumped out and picked her up then she ran toward the foot of the Alps. While all this was going on they had reached the end of the Alps. Thankfuly there was a village at the foot of the mountain and Alexandria ran toward this village as fast as she could. She reached it and then fell into the snow gasping in relief.












Chapter six
Helena is in danger
Helena was very, very ill. The doctor said she would probably not live till her next birthday. Alexandria knew that unless she saw someone familiar she would die. So she set off to find Helena’s family. She went over to Germany to try and find them. She found the concentration camp after nearly two months of searching. But when she got there they were long gone. Alexandria decided that she must go to the river they would have to stop there. Of she went hurriedly trying to find them. But Helena’s life was drifting away.
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